Class 9 Social Science (SST) Notes - All Chapters

Chapter 1: The French Revolution

Summary: Causes of the French Revolution, major events, rise of new ideas like liberty, equality, fraternity; impact on France and the world.

Chapter 2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Summary: Growth of socialist ideas, events of Russian Revolution, role of Lenin, Bolsheviks, and the creation of the Soviet Union.

Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

Summary: Impact of World War I, Treaty of Versailles, economic crisis, Hitler’s rise, Nazi ideology, and its effects on Germany and the world.

Chapter 4: Forest Society and Colonialism

Summary: Colonial forest policies, impact on tribals, deforestation, commercial exploitation, and resistance movements.

Chapter 5: Pastoralists in the Modern World

Summary: Changes in pastoralist societies under colonial rule, impact of restrictions, and adaptation strategies.

Chapter 6: Peasants and Farmers

Summary: Differences in agriculture across the world; enclosures in England, opium production in India, wheat cultivation in America.

Chapter 7: India - Size and Location

Summary: Geographical position of India, its size, location, and importance in the world map.

Chapter 8: Physical Features of India

Summary: Major landforms: mountains, plateaus, plains, deserts, and coastal regions.

Chapter 9: Drainage

Summary: River systems in India - Himalayan and peninsular rivers, their importance, and river conservation.

Chapter 10: Climate

Summary: Factors affecting India’s climate, monsoon, seasons, and climate change issues.

Chapter 11: Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Summary: Types of vegetation, forests, conservation, and endangered species in India.

Chapter 12: Population

Summary: Size, distribution, and characteristics of Indian population; census; demographic transition.

Chapter 13: What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

Summary: Definition, features, importance, and challenges of democracy.

Chapter 14: Constitutional Design

Summary: How India’s Constitution was made; features and significance.

Chapter 15: Electoral Politics

Summary: Process of elections in India; political parties, election commission, challenges.

Chapter 16: Working of Institutions

Summary: How Parliament, Executive, Judiciary work; role of President, PM, ministers, judges.